Incinerator for combustible waste materials



INCINERATOR FOR COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIALE Filed Jan. 22, 1962 4 A. CLAASSEN ETAL Aug. 31, 1965 Adolf Cloossen Friz Bieniok INVENTORS BY K g: a

AGENT.

FIG.2

United States Patent 4 Clarns. (Cl. 110-1s Our present invention relates to an incinerator for paper, cardboard and similar combustible household waste.

Is is the general object of our invention to provide a preferably portable incinerator for such materials adapted to burn even heavy and/or coated paper products, such as oil or wax papers, in a substantially complete and scotfree manner so that only smokeless flue gases are developed and the need for connecting the exhaust of the device to a chirnney is eliminated. A more particular object of the invention is to realize these advantages in an incinerator free from grates, stokers and other movable arts.

p We have found, in accordance with our instant invention, that these objects may be realized in a simple and efficient manner by the provision of an incinerator having a perforated shell which terminates at the top in a flue and forms at the bottom a combustion chamber in combination with that flue, the shell containing in the interior of the combusition chamber one or more inlets for supplemental combustion air. Such an inlet advantageously takes the form of an upstanding tubular boss, preferably ot' generally frustoconical configuration like the surrounding shell, the tip of the boss extending approximately midway into a combustion zone defiined by a lower shell section above a bottom section designed to receive the cornbustible material. The interior of the tubular boss cornmunicates with the exterior of the shell, e.g. through suitable conduitg or through a bottom aperture, so that air simultaneously enters the combustion zone from Within and without whereas a flarne started at the top of the rubbish pile Within the charnber spreads progressively downwardly with substantially complete conversion of the waste products into smokeless gases. As these gases escape upwardly through the fine, more air is drawn in through the peripheral shell perforations and the supplemental inlet means, this air being advantageously preheated by the preferably metallic walls of the inlet-forming boss. Any fly ash or cinders entrained by the escaping flue gases can easily be intercepted and returned to the combustion charnber by a screen spanning the entrace to the flue Within the shell.

The invention Will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:

FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of an incinerator emboclying the present improvement; and

FIG. 2 is a sectional elevational view of a modified bottom section for such incinerator.

The incinerator shown in FIG. 1 comprises a shell composed of a cylindrical bottom section l, a lower frustoconical section 4 and an upper frustoconical section S, these sections being stacked upon one another so as to clefine a progressively constricted path for ascending combustion gases whereby the latter are thoroughly intermingled with the admixed air. The ar enters the interior of the shell through several annular rows of perforatons disposed in different horizontal planes, such as the apertures Tic of section 1 and the apertures 4b, 4c of section 4. The aforementioned apertures, as also similar apertures in section 5, are partly covered up from the outside by overhanging bafie portions 1d, 4e, 4 other bafiles Sa, 5b, Se on shell section 5 overlying similar 3,23,377 Patented Aug. 31, 1965 perforationg in the upper part of the incinerator. Section 5 terminates at the top in a fine Se whose lower end is spanned by a screen 6. Section 4 is provided with a series of latch fingers 4a, releasably engaging respective lugs le onsection 1, and with a top flange 4g similarly engaged by catches 5d on section 5. Handles 4d on section 4 and 5 on section 5 enable these sections to be lifted ofl for filling and cleaning purposes.

AD inlet for supplemental air in accordance with this invention is provided in the shape of a frustoconical boss 3 rising off the bottom of section 1. This boss, whose walls are formed with numerous openings 3a, rises to substantially the median level of shell section 4 and is open at the bottom for communication with the atmosphere; as shown, it also has a narrow opening at the top. The bottom of shell section 1, which constitutes a receptacle for the rubbish to be burned, is provided to this end with a central hole 1b receiving the base of boss 3. This bottom, raised above its supporting surface by legs 2, is also shown formed with numerous small perforations la through which further air can enter the interior of the shell. Section 4, which as shown is of somewhat greater height than boss 3, is imperforate above the top of the boss, the rows of aperture 4b, 4C being confined to its bottom half.

In operation, the incinerator shown in FIG. 1 is filled upon removal of the upper or covering section 5 with the waste products to be burned, this material being then ignited before section 5 is put back in place. The initial combustion stage results in the escape of gases through the flue Se and draws atmospheric air through the extermal shell apertures le, 41), 4C etc. and also through the openings 3a of the internal inlet 3. It will be apparent that the baffles 1d, le, 4 etc. prevent the flame from shooting out through the peripheral shell apertures. Screen 6 will intercept any glowing particles rising toward the flue Se and return them to the interior of the shell for further combustion. The updraft created within the shell wil1 generally be strong enough to prevent any solids from dropping through the bottom apertures la of receptacle 1; if desired, however, a pan designed to catch any falling ashes may be placed between the legs 2.

In FIG. 2 we have shown a modified waste receptacle for our improved incinerator which has an imperforate bottoni supporting the boss 3, the interior of this boss communicating with the exterior of the shell portion 1' through a plurality of horizontal conduits 7. The air entering through these conduits passes, as in the preceding ernbodiment, into the combustion zone of the shell through the apertures 3a of the boss. The legs 2 of FIG. I have been omitted in this arrangernent.

It Will thus be seen that we have created an improved incinerator, especially for household use, in which thorough combustion of cellulosic and other combustible waste products is achieved without the use of any movable parts. Departures from the precise arrangement shown and described, e.g. as to the nurnber of inlets 3 or 3', the shape and number of the several shell sections and the type of fastening means employed to hold them together, are of course possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

We clairn:

1. A11 incinerator for combustible waste materials, comprising a generally conical shell surrounding a combustion chamber, said shell converging upwardly and terminating at the top in a centrally positioned fine communicating with said chamber, said shell being further provided with peripheral apertures for admitting air into said chamber, and inlet means for additional air positionecl Within said shell near the bottom of said combustion chamber, said inlet means comprising at least one centrally positioned upstanding perforated tubular boss within said combuston charnber, the interior of said boss communicating With the exterior of said 511611, said boss converging substantially conically toward the top, said she11 being composed of a bottom section and a p1ura1ity of frustoconical sections stacked upon one another, aid sections being provided With fastening means for releasab1y interconnecting them, said boss rising from said bottom section to substantially thc median 1eve1 of the next higher section, the 1atter being of a height exceeding that of said boss and having said peripheral apertures dsposed only in its bottom ha1f below the top of said boss.

2. An incinerat-or according to claim 1 wheren said she11 is provided With a generally horizontal screen spannng its interior near the bottom of said fluo.

3. An incinerator according to claim 1 wherein said she11 i provided with bafl1es externa1ly overhanging said apertures from above.

4. An incinerator for the self-combustion of combustib1e was te materials, comprising an annu1ar upport section having air-inlet means distributed peripherally about said support section, and an axial1y extending centrally disposed upstanding perforated tubular boss having a generally conical configuratioh, said boss being provided With an in1et for admitting air through the perforation thereof to the interior of said support secton; an upright bi-partite combustion-chamber shel1 mounted on said support section, said she11 comprising a frustoconical 1ower section for containing waste material mounted on said annular support section With said boss projecting into said lower section over at least half the axial 1ength of said lower section, said Iower section being provided With a multiplicity of peripheral air-inlet apertures disposed in a relatively narrow band at a lower portion of said Refercnces Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 920,312 5/09 Fox -18 950,414 2/10 Sweley 126-595 1,276,920 8/18 Hopkins 110-18 1,305,710 6/19 Gibbs. 1,674,304 6/28 Schamberg 126-163 X 1,966,642 7/34 Nigg 126-595 2,220,369 11/40 Herrick 110-18 2,93 8,476 5/60 Salmon 110-18 FOREIGN PATENTS 18,732 1906 Great Britain.

JAMES W. WESTHAVER, Primary Examiner.

PERCY L. PATRICK, MEYER PERLIN, Examiners. 

4. AN INCINERATOR FOR THE SELF-COMBUSTON OF COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIALS, COMPRISING AN ANNULAR SUPPORT SECTION HAVING AIR-INLET MEANS DISTRIBUTED PERIPHERALLY ABOUT SAID SUPPORT SECTION, AND AN AXIALLY EXTENDING CENTRALLY DISPOSED UPSTANDING PERFORATED TUBULAR BOSS HAVING A GENERALLY CONICAL CONFIGURATION, SAID BOSS BEING PROVIDED WITH AN INLET FOR ADMITTING AIR THROUGH THE PERFORATION THEREOF TO THE INTERIOR OF SAID SUPPORT SECTION; AN UPRIGHT BI-PARTITE COMBUSTION-CHAMBER SHELL MOUNTED ON SAID SUPPORT SECTION, SAID SHELL COMPRISING A FRUSTOCONICAL LOWER SECTION FOR CONTAINING WASTE MATERIAL MOUNTED ON SAID ANNULAR SUPPORTING SECTION WITH SAID BOSS PROJECTING INTO SAID LOWER SECTION OVER AT LEAST HALF THE AXIAL LENGTH OF SAID LOWER SECTION, SAID LOWER SECTION BEING PROVIDED WITH A MULTIPLICITY OF PERIPHERAL AIR-INLET APERTURES DISPOSED IN A RELATIVELY NARROW BAND AT A LOWER PORTION OF SAID LOWER SECTION AND WITH A RELATIVELY WIDE IMPERFORATE BAND AT AN UPPER PORTION, AND A FRUSTOCONICAL UPPER SECTION REMOVABLY STACKED ON THE TAPERING UPPER EXTREMITY OF SAID LOWER SECTION, SAID UPPER SECTION BEING PROVIDED WITH A MULTIPLICITY OF PERIPHERAL APERTURES LOCATED IN A PLANE SUBSTANTIALLY ABOVE SAID EXTREMITY FOR ADMITTING AIR INTO SAID UPPER SECTION; MEANS ENABLING REMOVAL OF SAID UPPER SECTION FROM SAID LOWER SECTION, THEREBY PERMITTING THE IGNITION FROM ABOVE OF SAID WASTE MATERIALS CONTAINED IN SAID LOWER SECTION; AND A FLUE OF GENERALLY CYLINDRICAL CONFIGURATION SURMOUNTING THE TAPERING UPPER EXTREMELY OF SAID UPPER SECTION. 